Concept of curriculum as objectives.

curriculum-as-objectives
Describe the concept of curriculum as objectives.

'Curriculum as an Objective' is also one of the various concepts developed regarding the curriculum. This concept of the curriculum gives the highest importance to the objective among the various elements in the curriculum and defines it as the expected achievement of educational activities. The concept of 'curriculum objectives' is the concept of taking what students learn from teaching-learning activities as a curriculum. Scholars such as Johnson, Popham, Baker, Johnson, and Alki have worked to develop this concept.

In the context of curriculum development, scholars such as Taylor Yaba have also emphasized the purpose itself, so it is clear that the purpose has been accepted as an important element of the curriculum from the very beginning of curriculum development. This concept of curriculum assumes that the curriculum is what is expected from teaching and learning activities. In addition, teaching and learning activities are a means to an end.

Curriculum expert Johnson believes that the curriculum should be considered as a structured series of expected learning achievements. Whatever the subject-oriented or learner-centered curriculum, it has a definite purpose. The 'evaluation' process is chosen to find out whether the content, teaching method, and objectives have been achieved or not. Therefore, the curriculum is a list of objectives determined as learning achievement.

Scholar Johnson says: "The curriculum is not just about what students do in a learning environment, but also about what behaviors they learn after completing a task." On this basis, too, the curriculum appears as a series determined to be achieved at the end of the academic session.

नेपालीमा  पढ्नुहोस :
पाठ्यक्रमका सम्बन्धमा विकास भएका विविध धारणाहरूमध्ये 'पाठयक्रम उद्देश्यका रूपमा' पनि एक हो । पाठ्यक्रमको यो अवधारणाले पाठ्यक्रममा विविध तत्त्वहरूमध्ये उद्देश्यलाई सबैभन्दा बढी महत्त्व दिन्छ र शैक्षिक क्रियाकलापहरूको अपेक्षित उपलब्धिको रूपमा परिभाषित गर्दछ । शिक्षण सिकाइ क्रियाकलापबाट विद्यार्थीले जुन कुरा सिक्छन्‌, त्यसलाईनै पाठयक्रमका रूपमा लिने अवधारणा नै 'पाठयक्रम उद्देश्यको रूपमा' हो। यो घारणाको विकास गर्ने कार्य विद्वान्‌हरू जोनसन, 'पोफम, बेकर, जोनसन, अल्की जस्ता विद्वान्‌हरूले गरेका हुन्‌ ।

पाठ्यक्रम विकासका सन्दर्भमा टेलर यबा जस्ता विद्वान्‌हरूले पनि उद्देश्यलाई नै बढी जोड दिएकोबाट पाठ्यक्रम विकासको सुरुवातकालीन समयबाटै पाठ्यक्रमको महत्त्वपूर्ण तत्वका रूपमा उद्देश्यलाई स्वीकार गरिएको स्पष्ट हुन्छ । पाठ्यक्रमको यस अवधारणाले शिक्षण सिकाई क्रियाकलापबाट जे कुराको आशा गरिएको हुन्छ त्यो नै पाठयक्रम हो भन्ने ठान्छ । साथै शिक्षण सिकाइ क्रियाकलाप तिनै उद्देश्य प्राप्तिको सांधनको रूपमा रहेको हुन्छ ।

पाठ्यक्रमविद्‌ जोनसन ,पाठ्यक्रमलाई अपेक्षित सिकाइ उपलब्धिहरूको एउटा संरचित शृङ्खलाको रूपमा लिनुपर्ने धारणा हुन्छन्‌,। विषयकेन्द्रित वा सिकारुकेन्द्रित जस्तोसुकै पाठ्यक्रम होस्‌, त्यसको निश्चित उद्देश्य रहेको हुन्छ । तिनै उद्देश्य प्राप्तिका लागि विषयवस्तु, शिक्षण, विधि र उद्देश्य प्राप्ति भए वा भएनन्‌ भन्ने कुरा थाहा पाउनको लागि 'मूल्याङ्कन' प्रक्रियाको छनोट गरिन्छ । त्यसैले पाठ्यक्रम भन्नु नै सिकाइ उपलब्धिका रूपमा निर्धारण गरिएका उद्देश्यहरूको सूची हो ।

विद्वान जोन्सनले भनेका छन्‌: “पाठ्यक्रम विद्यार्थीहरूले सिकाइको परिवेशमा केके गर्दछन्‌ भन्ने कुरासँग मात्र सम्बन्धित नभई कुनै काम सम्पन्न गरिसकेपछि केकस्ता व्यवहार सिक्दछन्‌ भन्ने कुरासँग सम्बन्धित छ । यस आधारमा पनि पाठयक्रमलाई शैक्षिक सत्रको अन्त्यमा प्राप्त गर्नका लागि निर्धारण गरिएको शृङ्खलाको रूपमा देखा पर्दछ ।

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