Animal World Exercise: Question Answers and Grammar
Working with words Section
A. Find the words from the text which have the following meanings.
a. Persons who are related to you and live after you, such as your child or grandchild are called descendants.
b. ‘Twirl’ means to turn or spin around and around quickly
c. Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) attached to amino acid side-chains
d. Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are highly specific for sugar groups that are part of other molecules and so cause agglutination of particular cells.
e. Polyps are abnormal tissue growths that most often look like small, flat bumps or tiny mushroom-like stalks found in the phylum Cnidaria and the medusa
f. Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
g. Anemone is a genus of flowering plants in the buttercup family.
h. A/An finicky person is highly or excessively particular, exacting, or meticulous in taste or standards.
i. Nudibranch is a group of soft-bodied, marine gastropod mollusks that shed their shells after their larval stage.
j. A medusa is a free-swimming sexual form of a coelenterate such as a jellyfish, typically having an umbrella-shaped body with stinging tentacles around the edge.
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B. Look up a dictionary and write the meanings of the following words then use them in your own sentences.
Arthropod: an invertebrate animal of the large phylum Arthropoda
The arthropod is the most diverse and abundant animal group on Earth.
Gastropod: a mollusk of the large class Gastropoda
The gastropod's unique characteristic is its single, spirally coiled shell.
Biomass: the total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume
Biomass is an essential component of the planet's ecological system.
Calcification: the hardening of tissue or other material by the deposition of insoluble calcium compounds
Calcification is a vital process in the formation of bones and teeth in vertebrates.
Metamorphosis: the process of transformation from an immature form to an adult form in two or more distinct stages
A caterpillar undergoes metamorphosis to become a butterfly.
Sturgeon: a huge primitive fish with bony plates on the body
Sturgeons are ancient fish species that have remained virtually unchanged for millions of years.
Comprehension Section
Answer the following questions.
a. What are the indicators of the fact that we are very self-conscious about ourselves these days?
Self-realization, self-help, self-development, self-awareness, self-respect, and self-enlightenment are indicators that we are very self-conscious about ourselves these days.
b. How have we celebrated the fact that we have our individual identity?
We celebrated the fact that we have individual identities by giving ourselves a real name.
c. Are we, human beings, really unique? Why/Why not?
No, we humans are not truly unique. It's because uniqueness is such a common property of living things that there's really nothing special about it. The phenomenon cannot be both unique and universal.
d. How do fish recognize each other?
Fish recognize each other based on their smell.
e. What is the function of individuality?
The function of individuality is self-preservation and individuality maintenance.
f. What does the mix-up of two selves tell us about our identity?
The mingling of two selves teaches us that unity and cooperation with one another are necessary for survival and existence.
g. What does the author illustrate with the tale of the nudibranch and the medusa?
The author tells the story of the nudibranch and the medusa to show how important it is to get along, help each other, work together, and be together. It also shows how important friendship is and how much we need each other to live and stay alive.
h. Why is the author disturbed by the thought of the creatures like the nudibranch and medusa?
When the author thinks about creatures like the nudibranch and the medusa, it makes him feel strange and makes him think of strange, vague ideas, like in a dream.
i. What does the writer mean by "they remind me of the whole earth at once?"
The writer means to say that it is very complicated and bizarre to justify the relationship between the creatures and non-living things of the world, and the more one tries to understand, the more confused he/she becomes.
Critical thinking Section
a. How does the author make satire on the modern idea of the ‘self’ based on individuality, independence and uniqueness?
In this essay, the author satirizes the modern concept of'self,' which is based on individuality, independence, and uniqueness. This essay is about the self and what nature can teach us about ourselves. In the beginning, the author draws attention to the human trend of enhancing the sense of self through individuality, independence, and uniqueness.
The author describes the close relationship between a nudibranch and a medusa in the Bay of Naples. A full-grown jellyfish eats a tiny snail that just hatched, but the snail eats it bit by bit until the jellyfish is just a round "successfully edited parasite" stuck to the snail's skin near its mouth. Finally, the tentacles, until the jellyfish is eaten and its substance is reduced, while the snail grows in size. This essay demonstrates that both creatures cannot live without the other; they rely on each other for survival.
The author tells the story of the nudibranch and the medusa to show how important it is to get along, help each other, work together, and be together. We are all important, and one's life is determined by another, just as the relationship between anemones and crabs and medusa and snail is. It also emphasizes the importance of friendship and our reliance on one another for survival and existence. The author justifies this by stating that modern people's pride in the concept of individuality, independence, and uniqueness is not applicable in real and practical life.
Writing Section
A. Write an essay on "Independence vs. Interdependence" in about 250 words.
Independence vs. Interdependence
For a long time, the concept of independence versus interdependence has been a source of contention. Some people believe that independence is necessary for personal growth and success, while others believe that interdependence is required for societal growth and progress. Both independence and interdependence have advantages and disadvantages, and finding a balance between the two is critical.
The ability to think and act freely without being influenced by others is referred to as independence. It entails being self-sufficient and not relying on others for one's success or happiness. Independence is frequently regarded as a positive characteristic because it fosters self-confidence, resilience, and the ability to take risks. It can, however, lead to isolation, arrogance, and an inability to collaborate effectively with others. Interdependence, on the other hand, refers to the ability to collaborate and work well with others. It entails accepting that one's success is inextricably linked to the success of others and that no one can achieve success on their own.
Interdependence is often seen as a good trait because it encourages teamwork, cooperation, and a sense of belonging. It can, however, lead to reliance on others, a lack of personal responsibility, and a fear of taking risks. In reality, both independence and interdependence are important in different situations. Independence is essential for personal development, but interdependence is required for social and cultural development. In today's interconnected world, it is clear that both independence and interdependence are required for success and progress. Individual needs must be balanced with the needs of the larger community.
Finally, independence and interdependence are two critical concepts that must be grasped and balanced. Neither is inherently good or bad, but they both have benefits and drawbacks. People must learn to be self-sufficient while also appreciating the value of collaboration and community. We can only achieve true success and progress by balancing these two concepts.
B. Write a newspaper article highlighting the increasing individualism in modern Nepali society.
Individualism on the Rise: A Concern for Nepali Society
Individualism is the idea that people should be free and responsible for themselves. It is becoming more and more common in Nepali society. The traditional values of collectivism, community and family are being replaced by a new focus on individual achievement, personal freedom, and independence. While individualism has its advantages, this trend raises concerns about its long-term effects on society.
One of the primary drivers of individualism in Nepal is globalization. The influence of Western culture has led to the adoption of individualistic values, such as prioritizing individual needs over those of the community or family. As a result, the social fabric of Nepali society is changing, and the traditional support networks that have sustained communities for generations are weakening.
This shift towards individualism is reflected in various aspects of Nepali life. Young people, in particular, are pursuing higher education and career opportunities, often at the expense of family and community ties. Social media platforms are increasingly used to promote individualism, with people showcasing their achievements and lifestyles for personal validation.
While there are benefits to individualism, such as personal freedom and self-expression, it can also lead to social isolation and the breakdown of communal support systems. Nepali society is in danger of losing its unique cultural identity and becoming more individualistic, disconnected, and self-centered.
Because of this, it is important for Nepali society to find a good balance between individualism and collectivism. It is important to keep traditional values and social structures in place while also being open to change and new ideas. By doing this, we can make a society where people are both independent and dependent on each other, where each person can do well and also help the community as a whole.
Grammar Section
A. Make passive sentences from the following information as in the example.
a. volleyball/every/country/play
Volleyball is played in every country.
b. spaghetti/boiling water/cook
Spaghetti is cooked in boiling water.
c. each lesson/an exercise/follow
Each lesson is followed by an exercise.
d. taxes/the price/include
Taxes are included in the price.
e. extensive information/the internet/find
Extensive information is found on the internet.
f. our order/the waiter/took
Our order was taken by the waiter.
g. the schedule/the participants/will distribute
The schedule will be distributed by the participants.
h. the police/footprint/found
Footprint was found by the police.
i. the children/the sandcastles/built
The sandcastles were built by the children.
j. the father/the window/not going to open
The window is not going to be opened by the father.
B. Rewrite the following sentences in the passive voice using the correct form of verbs in the brackets.
a. Call the ambulance! Two boys have been injured (injure) in a motorbike accident.
b. The clock has been used (use) since the 17th century.
c. I had to wait outside the classroom while the classroom was being cleaned (clean).
d. The problem is being discussed (discuss) by the subject specialists at the moment.
e. By the time I came back, the task has been finished (finish).
f. Women are said (say) to be happier than men.
g. Look! The house had been destroyed (destroy) by the fire.
h. The other three reports will be submitted (submit) by next month.
i. Many people have been resuced (rescue) from the floods by the security persons this year.
j. The state of Florida was hit (hit) by a hurricane that did serious damage.
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